FEL-1 mechanism demonstrator · light-oil carbonate polymer flood

When EOR success becomes your next facility constraint.

An interactive engineering demonstrator - not a reservoir simulator or field model. It shows a mechanism: on a light-oil carbonate (Thamama-type, μ_oil ~0.3 cP, layered permeability, brine to 200,000 ppm TDS) polymer works as a conformance play, not a viscosity play - and the additional oil and water load it creates can change the governing constraint elsewhere in the production system. Move the levers to see where the next bottleneck appears. See Assumptions & Limitations below.

Production profile - oil rate (bbl/d)

Base oil Polymer oil Polymer-earned barrels Polymer gross liquid (right) Deliverable if not debottlenecked (deferred gap)

Surface chain load

Year 10

NPV vs injected concentration - where is the optimum?

Incremental NPV Your current C_inj NPV optimum Injectivity blockage zone (RF > RF*)

NPV sensitivity - what moves the screening result

Each bar sweeps one driver across its range, holding the rest at current values. The widest bars are what a screening decision hinges on - here, oil price and the reservoir/conformance inputs dominate; polymer chemistry is second-order. This is the honest answer to "which assumptions matter".

How C_inj earns the oil - conformance, not viscosity (light oil)

This is a light-oil carbonate (Thamama-type, μ_oil ~0.3 cP). The water-oil mobility ratio is already favourable - polymer is not here to thicken water to match oil. It diverts injection out of swept hi-K streaks (100-1000 mD) into unswept low-K matrix (1-10 mD). Incremental oil scales with heterogeneity (Vdp), not oil viscosity - and is capped by injectivity: push resistance factor past RF* and the tight matrix plugs, injectivity collapses, oil falls. High TDS degrades the achievable viscosity, so an ATBS-grade polymer is assumed. The optimum concentration is set by injectivity in tight rock, not by chemical cost.
Base water injection Polymer water injection
Injection-efficiency gain: viscous polymer drive replaces the same reservoir voidage with less injected water. Raise it and watch polymer injection drop below base - the "less water, same oil" case.

Polymer concentration → back-production → de-rate

Injected conc (C_inj, flat) Back-produced conc (C_back)
PW-treating Separation Dehydration
Only the polymer slug fraction of injected water carries polymer; the rest of the field injection is plain water. Back-produced concentration = C_inj × slug × (1 − retention) × breakthrough(year). Each unit's de-rate ramps with C_back up to its cap - so the whole surface constraint story is downstream of one number you set at the injectors. Raise C_inj and watch de-rate, chemical cost and the binding link all move together.

Gathering & processing chain - click a unit to trace WBS / CBS / CAPEX

Select a unit

Click any unit in the chain above to see its load, the polymer de-rate applied, and the CAPEX it drives.

Added EOR CAPEX by work package

Total EOR CAPEX

Constraint migration - base vs polymer, by year

The whole thesis in one view: as polymer adds oil and liquid, the binding link moves - and it binds earlier and harder than the base case. Where base and polymer differ is where EOR has created a new facility problem.

How it connects - WBS drives CBS drives the decision

WBS - what gets built

CBS - where the cost lands

The binding constraint (orange in the chain) decides which WBS element must be built; the WBS element maps to a CBS cost code; the CBS total feeds CAPEX, which sets UDC and NPV. That chain - constraint → equipment → cost code → economics - is the decision. When the binding link migrates from the oil side to the water side under polymer, the dominant CAPEX migrates with it.

Assumptions & Limitations

What this demonstrator is for

It shows how polymer flooding can change the constraint profile of a mature light-oil carbonate development - from reservoir sweep and injectivity, through the surface facilities, to screening economics. The goal is mechanism understanding and option screening, not a production forecast.

It can help answer

  • Where does the next constraint appear once EOR adds oil and liquid?
  • Does improved sweep create a surface-facility problem?
  • How does injectivity (RF vs RF*) limit the achievable polymer response?
  • When does added recovery become limited by facilities rather than reservoir?
  • Which assumptions move the screening result the most?

Engineering assumptions

ReservoirMature waterflood, heterogeneous carbonate
Oil viscosity~0.3 cP (light) - SPE PIT 2019/2021
Polymer mechanismConformance / mobility control, not viscosity match
HeterogeneityHi-K streaks 100-1000 mD over 1-10 mD matrix
InjectivityResistance factor; blockage above RF*
TDSBrine to ~200,000 ppm degrades polymer viscosity
Polymer gradeATBS-grade assumed for HS/HT; viscosity retention = f(TDS). No thermal-hydrolysis kinetics modelled
Water cutPolymer can temporarily reduce produced water
FacilitiesBrownfield, finite liquid / water / injection capacity
GasSimplified fixed-GOR relationship
PowerScreening-level lift/power load, not ESP hydraulics
Facility de-rateScreening derate correlation vs back-produced conc.
CAPEXSix-tenths + brownfield factor, FEL-1 screening estimate
EconomicsFlat oil price, simplified fiscal/take, no escalation
ForecastScreening horizon, not history-matched

Numerical values are calibrated to published analogues (see calibration sources), not universal industry constants.

Limitations. This is an engineering screening demonstrator, not a reservoir simulator or field development model. It does not perform history matching, compositional or sector/full-field simulation, detailed PVT, well-by-well modelling, polymer-degradation kinetics, geomechanics, facilities hydraulic simulation, or project-grade cost estimation. Facility de-rates, power, CAPEX, OPEX and economics use simplified screening correlations. Results support mechanism understanding, option screening and engineering discussion - not reserves booking, sanction decisions, or detailed design.